Saturday, December 28, 2019

I Personally Do Not Work With Children - 912 Words

Working with Families on Addressing Feelings and Problem Solving was a topic that struck a cord with myself. I personally do not work with children presently; however, I feel that this chapter will be most vital in my future work with children. Being able to solve problems and express feelings are skills essential to function well in a community. In a preschool or school age settings conflicts will occur and without the means of resolving these issues; the environment will remain unpleasant. Chapter 9 had significant impact on my views due to the fact that I was always taught to suppress my emotion rather than embrace it. Ignoring your emotions and putting them on a shelf, isn’t coping with your emotions it does not deal with the situation at hand. Greenspan and Greenspan wrote, â€Å"Feelings can be felt, expressed, acted on, and thought about, but each of those experiences of feelings is different† it is important to give validity to your emotions and to better under stand them thorough communication. It was a difficult concept to absorb initially why values an emotion I consider bad. The answer the book gave was so simple and it is that you are feeling these things for a purpose. The first main concept the chapter addressed was the importance of accepting what one is feeling and also teaching healthy expression and coping mechanisms when it comes to emotions. Emotions are necessary to develop an ability to connect to their experience and it is important that this is doneShow MoreRelatedPersonal Human Growth And Development Timeline944 Words   |  4 Pages Personal Human growth and development timeline Going through this class and learning about each of the different phases was interesting. To go through and see which ones I have personally experienced. When we started to get in late adulthood it was slightly depressing thinking about growing old and the factor of death. Each part of our development we go through will mater when we reach that point in our lives if you think about it in that context. That’s why it is important to know yourRead MoreI Am From The Dominican Republic912 Words   |  4 Pagesword that got into my mind when I heard professor Idler talked about this case. I am from the Dominican Republic, the first time I came to this country was in 2006 and this case happened in 2001. At the same time, I also got surprise since it was an extremely serious case and I did not hear about it in my country. I personally think that the best decision was to put her in jail because she needed to be more responsible of her mental problem and not to stay quiet. I sti ll cannot find a reason on howRead More Communication Patterns of Children During Conflict Essay examples1558 Words   |  7 Pagesgrow up, we are socialized into the proper norms to be successful in society. The socialization process starts right from birth. Babies observe and try to mimic their parents and eventually their siblings or peers. Conflict is a part of life that children need to use to develop skills on resolving disagreements; conflict is not always bad. Peer conflict, however, can lead to aggressive behavior because of significant emotional and physical harm. Many youth lack the social skills needed to handleRead MoreCritical Thinking Self Reflection. The Human Thought Process1292 Words   |  6 Pagesdon’t contemplate how this process works, they just process one thought after another to make decisions, solve problems, or process a fond memory. Examining and strengthening the thought process improves decision making abilities which enables a person to make better, more informed choices. This essay will analyze where I personally am in my development as a critical thinker, along with the challenges I face in the effort to improve in this regard. To do this, I will analyze what critical thinkingRead MoreAn Introduction Of Fairy Tales By Maria Tatar850 Words   |  4 Pagesstories that parents tell to their children, but stories with hidden valuable messages which are mostly left on a side. In the article â€Å"An Introduction to Fairy Tales,† Maria Tatar clearly explains how people need fairy tales in their lives. Tatar also states how fairy tales have the ability to take the listener, especially children’s, into a journey in which they can play with their imagination so that they can discover their deepest fears and wishes. Personally I agree with the author, because ofRead MoreAre You Hot? And Your Homework At?1645 Words   |  7 Pagesraising their children in such a way that makes a difference in their childrenâ€⠄¢s lives and in society. Throughout history, society has looked upon the male as the breadwinner: the one expected to work and support the family. The mother has been viewed as the nurturer: the one to stay home and raise the children. During the 1960’s, women wanted more rights, power, and the ability to get higher paying jobs. Women were given this right so they expressed this new found freedom by going to work outsideRead MoreSamuel Scheffler s Death And The Afterlife894 Words   |  4 Pagesafter your death in a collision with a giant asteroid† (Scheffler 18). By using this, he tries to argue that both our short term and long term goals will cease due to the impending demise of humanity. However, I personally do not believe that human beings will allow this to happen. In this essay, I will argue that Scheffler is incorrect in his belief that an individual’s interest in life will be lost in life due to the impending doom of humanity as a whole. Scheffler uses the asteroid example to emphasizeRead MoreWhy I Chose This Group897 Words   |  4 Pagesconsisting of my mother (Debra), sister (Toni), and myself. The reason why I chose this group is because it is a group that has impacted my life the most. I thought it would be fun to see how I would do this assignment since it was over Skype. This is because my sister lives in Florida. Main leadership falls to our mother for main reasons. However, my sister leads the conversation mostly because she does a lot more than we do, activity wise. Group dynamics are pretty typical between mother and sistersRead MoreJuvenile Delinquency and Single Parent Homes1345 Words   |  6 Pages that more and more children are growing up in a home without one parent, whether it be the mother or the father. After all the rate of divorce for first time marriages in America is about 56% and many children growing up sometimes do not even know one parent, typically the father. I chose the subject of juvenile delinquency and single parent homes because I am the product of a single parent home. Growing up I never knew my father; he left when I was a baby. I grew up living with Read MoreDiversity Of Our Nation s English Language Learners836 Words   |  4 Pagesas a whole I see a large ethnic racial group and I notice many families speaking languages other than English. I personally do not know another language and perhaps this stands out to me since I do not understand what they are saying. According to our nation s English language learners population grew by 80% in the last decade (National News). It is the fastest growing student population in the nation now at 10.5%(National News). Nationally I see many families in need financially. I notice our

Friday, December 20, 2019

Impact Of Cosmetic Surgery On Society And Daily Lives

The impact of cosmetic surgery in the society and daily lives is bigger than one may realise and with the on-going growth and innovation of this sector, women are continuously looking for ways to adjust their outer appearance through cosmetic surgeries, despite the economic stagnation, collective attitudes and stigma. Additionally, the cosmetic surgery market saw a global growth with Brazil and China leading the list as the second and third country, respectively, with the most cosmetic procedures (ISAPS, 2012). This essay will analyse and explain the reason behind this increasing trend through looking at the role that motivation, culture and reference groups play in different demographics in terms of pursuing cosmetic surgery. According to Solomon, Motivation refers to the processes that lead to people behave as they do (2011, p.154), which triggers their mind and drives them to satisfy this specific need. These processes can be distinguished by utilitarian (tangible) and hedonic (experimental) purposes. Cosmetic surgery falls into the latter category, as it is linked to an emotional and aspirational fantasy that is used to satisfy one s needs for excitement, self-confidence or fantasy (Solomon, 2011) and leads the consumer to, Consider the subjective, pleasurable or aesthetic aspects (Blythe, 1997, p.12). However, it is challenging to apprehend how to determine a consumer s motivation towards cosmetic procedures and what motivates them to pursue this need. Maslow sShow MoreRelatedNew Technology For Plastic Surgery Emerging1665 Words   |  7 Pagesideal body image. These cosmetic procedures may be especially dangerous to an already youthful person. There is always new technology for plastic surgery emerg ing, and celebrities are usually the first ones to try it, because of their wealth, and because plastic surgeons want other people to follow in the path of these celebrities. Celebrities appear to be ageless as the craze for anti-aging cosmetics becomes more prevalent in society. People also undergo plastic surgery in order to look like a celebrityRead MoreHow Plastic Surgery Affects Society1551 Words   |  7 Pagescontroversial; plastic surgery has the capability to change lives of various individuals from diverse socioeconomic levels. Plastic surgery covers a broad spectrum of services which are included in reconstructive surgery, as well as, the popular aesthetic appeal of cosmetic surgery. Plastic surgery affects society both physically, psychologically, and emotionally. From Operation Smile to botox, accident victims to breast augmentation, and Little Baby Face Foundation to facelifts; plastic surgery can give hopeRead MoreCosmetic Surgery: Is It Truly A Cure-All?. It Is No S ecret1312 Words   |  6 PagesCosmetic Surgery: Is it Truly a Cure-all? It is no secret that the world operates adhering to strict and unrealistic beauty standards. Rather than embrace everyone for their individuality and uniqueness, society shuns those who do not fit to the ideal, forcing pressure and negative self-images on people. In order to conform to these set standards, people take drastic and life changing measures to alter their appearance, which comes in the form of plastic surgery. According to the American SocietyRead MoreInternational Tourism s Effect On Medical Tourism1649 Words   |  7 Pagespopularity of Korean culture like food, clothing, and housing. Recently, Hallyu or Korean Wave has not just swept over Asia, but also Middle East, Africa, and America. Out of all sector, medical tourism is one of the biggest areas that received big impacts from Hallyu. Medical tourism is defined as the process of travelling outside residency country in order to pursue a better medical care (MeÃ… ¡trović). The concept of medical tourism has attra cted Korean government, the citizens and other related industriesRead MoreThe Western Culture : Cultural Imperialism1169 Words   |  5 Pageseconomically standing countries view things around them. It also involves how people live their daily lives as manifested in today’s world of popular culture. The Western culture greatly influences many ideas, perspectives, and attitudes of people in the world. Even in the Western world itself the way that people live, and their views and activities represent conformity to ideas that are popular. People try to live up to certain standards that have become popular over time. Standards of beauty, dressingRead MoreBeauty By Jane Martin Has More Than Just One Meaning2264 Words   |  10 PagesBeing that beauty is considered something almost all women want and it can lead to devastation when you get greedy and envious about it, as it did to both Carla and Bethany. In this play the main characters are two best friends that live completely different lives, one named Carla and the other named Bethany. Carla is a young and upcoming beautiful model and Carla also a young, beautiful smart lady. Bethany confronts Carla telling her that she had her wishes granted by a genie. Bethany tells CarlaRead MoreCosmetic Enhancement Of The Body And Identity Essay2413 Words   |  10 PagesCosmetic enhancement is the use of medical intervention to achieve a goal that is either socially created, or personally created (Adams, J., 2010). These body improvements are often done to improve one’s self-esteem, romantic life, or to fit within a social or cultural criteria (Adams, 2010). Cosmetic enhancement of the body and identity has always been a luxury in which only the rich and famous could afford, but within our forever developing consumerist society it is becoming more rapidly availableRead MorePhotographic Truth in the Digital Era Essay774 Words   |  4 Pagesobserve posters everywhere without even wanting and they don’t realize how much impact those images have. The majority of the people are vulnerable to the Mass Media techniques that show its dominance in beauty industries, culinary art, tourism, online shopping and other fields that have to do with a daily life of the consumer. Women are conducted by the magazine’s images which create an ideal of perfection and they get to live with the illusion that they could achieve a level of perfection that can onlyRead MoreAdvertisements Sell Products, But Is That All They Do?1259 Words   |  6 PagesENGC 1101 7 April 2015 Advertisements Sell Products, But Is That All They Do? Does the vast amount of media that we filter through our eyes daily effect how we view ourselves? If so, do they accurately portray who we are as humans? As a society, can the amount of advertisements we view daily be a healthy consumption, or seriously harmful? Or are we passively allowing the media to dictate how we think and feel about literally everything that surrounds us, but alsoRead More`` Barbie Doll `` By Marge Percy905 Words   |  4 Pagesto meet standards that society has placed upon them. Some of these drastic measures can lead to consequences. In â€Å"Barbie Doll† the main character decided to undergo plastic surgery to fix her â€Å"big nose† and â€Å"fat legs†. Unfortunately she ended up dying in her struggle to meet the standard that the media has placed on her at an exceptionally young age. Her untimely death is a symbol and the theme of the poem that these women will work themselves to death to meet societies demands and most of the

Thursday, December 12, 2019

International Business Market Entry Strategies

Question: Describe about the International Business for Market Entry Strategies. Answer: Market Entry Strategies Here, the market entry strategies of Cibo Expresso coffee branch to China is discussed. The market entry strategies are based on the principal leadership, marketing as well as human resource management issues. Each of these three market strategies is described below: Leadership First of all, the leaders of Cibo Expresso needs to follow up some basic strategies to penetrate the market of China (Schorsch, 2009). They need to reduce the price at first, which will help the organization to enter a present market. The introduction of a good at a minor price than the leaders, a latecomer can fascinate fresh, and new customers who would not have otherwise buys the particular product. Subsequently, the entire market is expanded. The reduction in price can also induce the current clients of the leaders to switch (Kenneth Shaw, 2015). After all these, this strategy gives an outcome in abridged margins for the fresh entrant equated with the other players in the China market. Secondly, the leaders can engage themselves in improving the service or product of Cibo Expresso by focusing on a niche market. The organization needs to innovate itself to compete with others. The innovation may be incremental or radical. On the other hand, the leaders can advance new channels of delivery for accessing new markets or better penetrate the current ones (Lymbersky, 2008). Globalization is not a solution. First of all, they need to grab and compete well in some areas of the world. The leaders are crucial for marketing strategies because they launch a presence in the marketplace. They also build the equity of the brand as well as create a brilliant supply network system. The clients become used to improve the analysis over time. Therefore, the fresh entrants have to capitalize considerably for achieving the same coverage. Leaders are very useful in controlling the ideal sites, build the loyalty of the brand by proposing the superior customer service (Kotler, Keller, Lu, 2009). They are also helpful for fastening in clients by promoting apparatus for a prolonged period under fixed-service agreements. Gaining control of the key channels of supply is their role in market strategy. Marketing The challenge to enter the China business sector way has turned into an inevitably critical one of Western companies of all sizes and shapes (Kretzberg, 2008). With the country ready to overwhelm the United States as the second leading international economy by 2020 and assured to continue a motor of global expansion for the subsequent decade, observing how to enter substantial and sophisticated business sector has gotten to be fundamental to most organizations in the business-to-business circle. Although a difficult financial environment in Europe and the United States, the economy of China has kept on developing by dual digit rates in the progression of the past couple of years. Cibo Expresso needs to identify the market at first. China has the populace that exceeds 1.3 billion people, and it has a land mass larger than the United States. China represents an enormous potentiality in a market for foreign manufactured products and services (Succeeding in China, 2010). So, Cibo Express o has a way to enter. The recommended cities for Cibo Expresso are Shanghai, Beijing, and Shandong. Shandong is best among all since this town has industries like foodstuffs and oils. The other two cities are the automobile and IT based. After a long working day, the workers can relax and enjoy the coffee of Cibo Expresso. On the other hand, the company needs to concern with the Government regulations and policies of China (Low, 2007). Sometimes China severely restricts foreign businesses to get involved in the field of telecommunications, petrochemicals, and energy. Therefore, Cibo Expresso must not worry about the entrance problems. Regulations are becoming more rigorous. The company also needs to perform a market research which will help to find and hire staffs from the corners of the country. Cibo Expresso can make full use of technology regarding customer service and manufacture of products since the country is full of technologists (Kllezi, 2013). Besides, the company can utilize the marketing mix such as price, promotion, place and product as their ideal market entry strategy. Additionally, Porters Five Force Analysis along with SWOT/TOWS Analysis or PESTEL Analysis can be utilized by Cibo Expresso as a strategy to enter the market of China. Human Resource Management The human resource department of Cibo Expresso must use the transnational approach as their market entry strategy in China. A transnational approach involves the global strategies, coordination of operations and utilizing extraordinary benefits of nearby markets to drive deals, part of the overall industry and development of profit (Dickmann Mller-Camen, 2006). Stonehouse characterizes transnational key administration as cycles of authentic learning and execution upgrades. The transnational methodology includes working in various world markets, outlining responsive authentic structures and building up worth included exercises that endeavor national similarities and contrasts. The establishment of a transnational system is a worldwide vision, however with redid executions for nearby markets and areas (Kogetsidis, 2012). In human resource writing, various models and methodologies attempt to show how a key way to deal with the human resource can be interpreted into an arrangement of Co gnizant HR procedures and practices. Be that as it may, they are centered on the improvement of human resource processes with an understood suspicion that the association is moderately self-governing in building up its methodology. However, in people in an overall area, the technique of human resource is not self-governing and needs to check a scope of various partner points of view and to be engaged at the national level along with lower nearby level. These models have esteem in highlighting some central issues and showing the significance of a critical methodology. As indicated by the review results, procedures of human resource are adjusted to administrative methods, supporting to a particular degree the hierarchical changes. Moreover, the strategies of human resource are associated with the government policies (Dessler, 2008). The function of a human resource does not anticipate on its agenda significant economic and social changes. The human resource has the strategies to outsource service and make use of human resource information technology to grow the business in future. Consequently, the human resource department is enhanced and leads to a reduction of cost. Legal The legal system of China regarding e-commerce is still in its early stage. The nation has low experience for enlisting e-commerce legislations for subjects such as tax, right protection as well as intellectual property. So, it better for Cibo Expresso to look after the legal system of China and proceed their marketing system according to it. Over the past few year, the Chinese government started focusing on the improvement of e-commerce. Therefore, the organization has an opportunity to apply e-commerce marketing strategies. IP Protection The organizations that are operating their businesses in China have to concern with the protection of intellectual property. In order to protect intellectual property, a strategy is needed to conduct an initial audit of the organizations China operation. It is needed for determining the intellectual property risk and intellectual property assets. The organization must regularly communicate the value of protection of intellectual property. Clear steps should be taken to manuscript the IP protection efforts and policies of the company. Logistic Logistics is a significant department of every companies. Without logistics, the organization cannot export or import their products. For the transportation of products, Cibo Expresso needs to make a pact with the Chinese government so that the organization can get transport license and product carrying vehicles. It is an advantage for Cibo Expresso that they can get high technological based vehicles from Chinese government if they demand. Localization of products First of all, Cibo Expresso needs to improve the quality of products. After that, the products of this organization will become known to everyone. The company needs to increase the brand value of the products. When the brand value will be increased, the people will automatically locate the shop. Localization of products needs a proper branding strategy in order to spread to the citizens of China about the product quality. On the other hand, the organization must stand out from the competition. The local markets of China is saturated with competitors. Cibo Expresso must think differently from others in order to compete in this saturated competitive market. Environmental The company needs to implement corporate environmental strategies. The strategies include recognition of global environmental trends at early stage and change the plan of the company accordingly. However, they need to improve future corporate profitability. Aside that, the company need to adopt a creative and proactive approach to ecological challenges throughout the association. Cibo Expresso can also minimize the risk which arise from management issues such as liabilities of the product and sudden change in legal system. Ethical and Social Responsibility Social Responsibility is a significant role of an organization. The coffee company needs to create and develop a community. The business needs to set up a foundation in order to assist in learning or educating people about heath, food and living. It will boost up the reputation of the company and also increase their brand values. They can also include voluntary hazard elimination sessions where people will get education about the effects of using hazardous materials. Financial Risk analysis of international business model and recommendations for risk prevention Financial Risk Analysis Foreign exchange fluctuations are one of the most primary financial risk associated with the global business model. Each and every country has its currency along with the value of that money. The values of the currency change over time due to numerous factors, and it impacts the foreign exchange rates. The secondary risk is a political risk (Alexander, 2008). The political risk can increase the cost of operating a business in another country. It happens when the selected country such as China has a continuous change in political system. Last but not the least, the currency crisis is another risk associated with the financial system of Cibo Expresso. If the currency is useless, the customer of the organization is paying with insignificant currency which will hurt the company later on. The owners of the business with an extensive experience in the foreign markets want to privet the currency risk with numerous foreign exchange goods and merchandise. The risk associated with the foreign exchange is concerned with the fluctuations in the currency value. Global businesses such as Cibo Expresso with the intercontinental employees, international suppliers or international sales are susceptible to the changes in foreign exchange rates. Most of the time, the effect of the instabilities in the exchange leads to loss of business but if fortune favors then it can result in the profit of the company. Either way, these instabilities in the currency value presents a risk to benefit (Alexander, 2008). For example, Cibo Expresso is based in the Adelaide, South Australia and sells a product to customers in China; the Chinese do not pay the company in Australian dollars. Instead, they pay in Renminbi which is the Chinese currency. Customers want to remunerate with their money, so the organization has to change those funds to dollars after they pay in Renminbi. Political risk impacts the foreign exchange risk. The change in policies due to variations in political leadership can impact the trade businesses. The business may have to pay extra funds in tariffs and taxes to continue their trade business in China. If Cibo Expresso cannot pay taxes and tariffs, then the Government of China may cease the company. Any change in law can impact the profits as well as the viability of a firm with the global operations. Recommended Strategies Cibo Expresso needs some strategies to prevent risk such as political risk along with currency fluctuation risk. Cibo Expresso should completely understand protection as a great method to reducing the political risk (Hull, 2012). At the same time as at a great scale level, the disasters and risks associated with the politics are exceptionally hard to supervise, at the organization level. The political risk can be safeguarded against for a premium. The companies should be practical and uphold a strategic distance from situations with simple political risk. It come at a significant expenditure. However, best utilized as an outright protection, particularly in a mix with other, more practical political risk administration systems. Huge firms use refined scoring structures to measure political risk in locales. Therefore, a percentage of the biggest organizations utilizes an expert who could handle the risk or chief of government undertakings whose sole duty is to remain focused on potent ial political risks. For example, undependable political atmospheres, new representation, and decisions among other. The leaders of Cibo Expresso need to expand their political risks. The firms that have dynamic specialty units in diverse topographies need to distinguish their cost base that a few districts that look extremely alluring may equally convey high political risk. It is clear that considering political risk relevant includes organizations implementing practical strides to assess and relieve their risks. Secondly, the cafe must manage foreign exchange risk. The organization needs to identify the type of foreign exchange risk. The types are transaction risk, economic risk as well as translational risk. The organization can prevent transaction risk by insisting the international customers to pay from home and the company takes all responsibilities to deliver the products at home safely without any damage. It means that the clients of Australia can order unique products at home via online from China which is not available in Australia (Hull, 2012). The organization can also make a pact with the Australian government to supply Chinese food and beverages to Australia using Australian dollar exchange. In these ways, Cibo Expresso can prevent foreign exchange risks. Conclusion The overall report is based on market entry strategies and the risks associated with it. Here, Cibo Expresso is considered as the organization. In this report, the marketing strategies are concerned with factors such as the leadership, marketing, human resource management, legal, IP protection, logistics, and localization of products, environmental and social and ethical responsibilities. Later on, some financial risk are being discussed along with the recommended strategies. References Alexander, C. (2008).Market risk analysis. Chichester, England: Wiley. Alexander, C. (2008).Market risk analysis. Great Britain: John Wiley Sons. Dessler, G. (2008).Human resource management. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall. Dickmann, M. Mller-Camen, M. (2006). A typology of international human resource management strategies and processes.The International Journal Of Human Resource Management,17(4), 580-601. https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09585190600581337 Hull, J. (2012).Risk management and financial institutions. Hoboken, N.J.: John Wiley. Kllezi, J. (2013). Strategies of Entry Modes: The Case of Greek Banks Entering the Albanian Market.AJIS. https://dx.doi.org/10.5901/ajis.2013.v2n2p321 Kenneth Shaw,. (2015). Foreign Market Entry Strategies.China-USA Business Review,14(8). https://dx.doi.org/10.17265/1537-1514/2015.08.002 Kogetsidis, H. (2012). Critical Systems Thinking: A Creative Approach to Organizational Change.Journal Of Transnational Management,17(3), 189-204. https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15475778.2012.706704 Kotler, P., Keller, K., Lu, T. (2009).Marketing management in China. Singapore: Pearson Prentice Hall. Kretzberg, A. (2008).Market entry strategies for emerging economies. Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang. Low, B. (2007). Business-to-business marketing practices in China.Jnl Of Bus Indus Marketing,22(2). https://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jbim.2007.08022baa.001 Lymbersky, C. (2008).Market entry strategies. Hamburg: Management Laboratory Press. Schorsch, M. (2009).Market entry strategies for Russia. Hamburg: Diplom.de. Succeeding in China. (2010). Boston, Mass.

Wednesday, December 4, 2019

The Valuation of Bonds and Bond Options

Question: Discuss about The Valuation of Bonds and Bond Options? Answer: Introduction The assignment has main objective of emphasizing on the valuation of the assets share and bond. The valuation is important as it provides the investors to know about their return from investment and it also provides them information to make decision on which instrument they must go on for a certain instant of investing the money. Valuation methods of shares and bonds are depicted here which are necessary to compare among them as there are plenty of shares and bonds are present in the market. Share valuation There are many methods available for valuing a share in the market which provides important information to select scripts in the market. Intrinsic value method is one which derives the value of one share by dividing net assets with total shares which provides the asset valuation per share of a company. Asset backed method is applicable for the business where huge fixed assets are associated with (Cumming Hou, 2012). The money available for every share by selling assets of the company after repaying the loan from the assets are the desired value of share in this method. Net asset method is applied when a takeover is occurred which target the realizable price of the assets of the company per share. However, the potential of income is not considered here whereas the method is suitable for valuing the intangible assets. Dividend yield method is another way to value the share which provides the yield of the share for an investor who wants to invest for a long term. The value per share be comes the percentage ratio of expected rate of return to normal rate which provides the high yield for the long term investors. Another popular method is book value method, where every share is measured in terms of total retained earnings in the balance sheet. The method is applicable for the companies which are associated with low yield but more retention ratio strategy accompanied by management (Bessler, Drobetz Seim, 2012). Bond valuation There are two methods of valuation in this case present value and yield checking method. Present value method is a traditional method that depicts the premium on the investment in present term what the instrument will provide in future considering a certain amount of interest rate as the discount rate which might be attainable for the investment sum in the market in normal (Barone Cuoco, 2013). In this valuation method, the present value is measured and the investment is compared with it for getting the desired return from the investment in present notation. If the net present value becomes positive, then the proposal of the investment is acceptable else not. The method has many complications in its method as it ignores many important factors such as risk associated with the investment and uncertainties in economy. The interest rate risk is not assessed too in this method (Dao Hoang, 2012). Yield checking method is also applicable as it provides important direction of the bond val uation in regards with current market price of the bond. The method is much flexible in determining the value of the bond where yield to maturity provides the total return from the investment. Conclusion It may be concluded that above assignment provides the information on various methods of valuation of bonds and shares which are really important in case of investors perception. The different methods are discussed with their different application in the market. Reference list Barone, E., Cuoco, D. (2013) The Valuation of Bonds and Bond Options: Some Empirical Tests.SSRN Journal. doi:10.2139/ssrn.512523 Bessler, W., Drobetz, W., Seim, M. (2012). Share repurchases of initial public offerings: motives, valuation effects, and the impact of market regulation.The European Journal Of Finance,20(3), 232-263. doi:10.1080/1351847x.2012.698991 Cumming, D., Hou, W. (2012). Valuation of restricted shares by conflicting shareholders in the Split Share Structure Reform.The European Journal Of Finance,20(7-9), 778-802. doi:10.1080/1351847x.2012.671782 Dao, B., Hoang, T.(2012) Callable Convertible Bond Valuation Framework and VIC Case.SSRN Journal. doi:10.2139/ssrn.2543085