Overview of the Law of the Primate City

Overview of the Law of the Primate City Geographer Mark Jefferson developed the law of the primate cit  to explain the phenomenon of huge cities that capture such a large proportion of a countrys population as well as its economic activity. These primate cities are often, but not always, the capital cities of a country. An excellent example of a primate city is Paris, which truly represents and serves as the focus of France. A countrys leading city is always disproportionately large and exceptionally expressive of national capacity and feeling. The primate city is commonly at least twice as large as the next largest city and more than twice as significant. - Mark Jefferson, 1939​   Characteristics of Primary Cities They dominate the country in influence and are the national focal point.  Their sheer size and activity become a strong pull factor, bringing additional residents to the city and causing the primate city to become even larger and more disproportional to smaller cities in the country. However, not every country has a primate city, as youll see from the list below. Some scholars define a primate city as one that is larger than the combined populations of the second and third ranked cities in a country. This definition does not represent true primacy, however, as the size of the first ranked city is not disproportionate to the second. The law can be applied to smaller regions as well. For example, Californias primate city is Los Angeles, with a metropolitan area population of 16 million, which is more than double the San Francisco metropolitan area of 7 million. Even counties can be examined with regard to the Law of the Primate City. Examples of Countries With Primate Cities Paris (9.6 million) is definitely the focus of France while Marseilles has a population of 1.3 million.Similarly, the United Kingdom has London as its primate city (7 million) while the second largest city, Birmingham, is home to a mere one million people.Mexico City, Mexico (8.6 million) outshines Guadalajara (1.6 million).A huge dichotomy exists between Bangkok (7.5 million) and Thailands second city, Nanthaburi (481,000). Examples of Countries That Lack Primate Cities Indias most populous city is Mumbai (formerly Bombay) with 16 million; second is Kolkata (formerly Calcutta) with more than 13 million.China, Canada, Australia, and Brazil are additional examples of non-primate-city countries.Utilizing the metropolitan area population of urban areas in the United States, we find that the U.S. lacks a true primate city. With the New York City metropolitan area population at approximately 21 million, second-ranked Los Angeles at 16 million, and even third-ranked Chicago at 9 million, America lacks a primate city. Rank-Size Rule In 1949, George Zipf devised his theory of rank-size rule to explain the size cities in a country. He explained that the second and subsequently smaller cities should represent a proportion of the largest city. For example, if the largest city in a country contained one million citizens, Zipf stated that the second city would contain one-half as many as the first, or 500,000. The third would contain one-third or 333,333, the fourth would be home to one-quarter or 250,000, and so on, with the rank of the city representing the denominator in the fraction. While some countries urban hierarchy somewhat fits into Zipfs scheme, later geographers argued that his model should be seen as a probability model and that deviations are to be expected.

Customer service questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Customer service questions - Essay Example Visibility is a largÐ µ part of gÐ µtting thÐ µ mÐ µssagÐ µ of Ð µthical compliancÐ µ out to a concÐ µrnÐ µd public. This is a complicatÐ µd issuÐ µ bÐ µcausÐ µ of thÐ µ split bÐ µtwÐ µÃ µn Ð µthics-as-institutional-policy and Ð µthics-as-individual-consciÐ µncÐ µ, but a sÐ µnsÐ µ of balancÐ µ can at lÐ µast bÐ µ sought by thÐ µ institution of PR campaigns strÐ µssing thÐ µ importancÐ µ of corporatÐ µ Ð µthics as an impÐ µrativÐ µ, and I was happy to bÐ µ a contributing tÐ µam mÐ µmbÐ µr in such a campaign. WhÐ µn thÐ µ campaign startÐ µd, thÐ µ company bÐ µgan by strÐ µssing sharÐ µd vision and Ð µthical unity among thÐ µir Ð µmployÐ µÃ µs and put forth its codÐ µs of Ð µthics and Ð µthics rÐ µviÐ µw boards in thÐ µ Ð µffort to focus company attÐ µntion on thÐ µ importancÐ µ of Ð µthical bÐ µhavior in thÐ µ workplacÐ µ. This is anothÐ µr bÐ µnÐ µfit of making crÐ µativÐ µ dÐ µcisions in managÐ µmÐ µnt through ut ilizing tÐ µamwork. YÐ µt anothÐ µr bÐ µnÐ µfit is that thÐ µ unity that binds thÐ µ group togÐ µthÐ µr will furthÐ µr idÐ µas of Ð µqual participation. ThÐ µrÐ µ arÐ µ plÐ µnty of pÐ µoplÐ µ who arÐ µ contÐ µnt to bÐ µ a tÐ µam mÐ µmbÐ µr, but this Ð µxpÐ µriÐ µncÐ µ taught mÐ µ how Ð µffÐ µctivÐ µ lÐ µadÐ µrship and Ð µffÐ µctivÐ µ tÐ µamwork pattÐ µrns can hÐ µlp Ð µnsurÐ µ that Ð µvÐ µryonÐ µ involvÐ µs bÐ µcomÐ µs a rÐ µal tÐ µam playÐ µr.

Critical review of a live poetry reading Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Critical review of a live poetry reading - Essay Example nce, it was such a well-planned and well-organized event that they all had a good time, and quite obviously, so did the live audience that comprised teenagers, teachers, the city’s elite, poets-in-the-making and, of course, reporters. In the Cyber Age, for the pessimists who worry that the art of writing and enjoying poetry is on the verge of extinction, the event certainly holds a promise and a hope. They may rest assured. Surely, poetry isn’t about to die. Not so soon! There is no denying that every participant was just as good. Nevertheless, among the best performers were McElwee, Jehanna, Robin Webb and Mona Scott, though it must be acknowledged that it was McElwee’s voice that overshadowed the rest of the programme. Thanks to the open mic scenes that make life in San Francisco a delight. Mona recited a poem titled ‘Advice to a Lover’ (Relationship-Advice-Bootcamp). Though her entire collection dwelt more or less with the theme of love, this particular one was delivered in such an absorbing manner that it almost immediately caught the imagination of every one in the audience, perhaps because it has something to offer for every young man and woman. It was hard to believe that a woman barely in her twenties could accomplish such mastery over the skill of verbalizing the heart’s deepest emotions so effectively. The text of the poem is therefore provided hereunder with the assumption that there might be many readers might find it interesting enough to preserve and add to their library. The title of the poem is itself almost self-explanatory as to what it is about to say. It is rare to find love poetry that is not dominated by the element of tragedy. The final success of the poem lay in its ability to evoke similar emotions in the hearts of the listeners. Usage of words like hath, withal, honies, thee, thyself etc. give the poem a classical, nineteenth century touch. Still the poem, as a whole, sounds perfectly relevant even to the most modern times.

Questions Essay Example for Free

Questions Essay 1.) It cannot be denied that the Catholic Church greatly affected the development of the Science of Astronomy or it would be more appropriate to say that the Catholic Church hinders the development of Astronomy. In the early times, the Church persecuted those who are trying to seek the reality about the universe, the outer space and those found in it such as Galileo, Tycho Brahe and the likes.   Because of the power of the Church at that time, many who seek the truth in the field of astronomy had been de-motivated. There are only few persons who were willing to oppose the church and to continue their work in the field of astronomy. Others, after finding something that contradict the views and beliefs of the Church, kept their findings for themselves, not letting the world of their discoveries because of the fear of persecution. As a result, there had been few published books or articles regarding developments in the field of astronomy that contradicts the view of the church. Thus, the church really hinders the development of astronomy because it contradicts their beliefs and teachings and was creating doubts in the perfection of the universe. It took a very long time to be able to accept developments and new knowledge in astronomy. 2.) Tides refer to the alternating rise and fall of sea level within a day. What causes the sea level to change? It is actually the gravitational attraction of the sun and moon that cause waters of the ocean to swell and recede at different parts of the earth. The earth and the moon are two great masses that have a significant gravitational pull on each other. This keeps the moon in orbit around the earth, and it is also what causes tides to occur in the ocean. The fact that there are two tide cycles a day instead of just one can be cogently explained. Although we commonly think of the moon as revolving around the Earth they both revolve around their common center of gravity. The revolution of the earth and the moon about their own center of gravity counterbalanced the gravitational attraction between them. This balance in between the centrifugal force and the gravitational force between the earth and the moon appear exactly at their centers, in the center of the earth and the moon. The earth experiences gravitational and centrifugal forces resulting in the earth’s water to assume ellipsoidal. As the earth turns upon its own axis in about 24 hours, a point on the earth moves through areas with these different forces acting on it. In one rotation (one day), a point on earth travels from an area of high tide, where the earth’s water is being pulled outward, to an area of low tide where the earth’s water is being pulled inward, trough another area of high tide which is the opposite pull to another area of low tide. Then it will return to its point of origin at high tide. Thus, two high tides and low tides can be observed instead of just one in a day. 3.)  Johannes Kepler was born in Wurttemberg in 1571 and died in 1630. He received an excellent and wide-ranging education in Lutheran Schools and at the University of Tubingen. He hoped to follow a carrier in the church, but he wrote paper on an astronomical subject that came to the attention of Tycho Brahe, now at Prague, and Tycho invited the young man to join him as his assistant. After much soul searching, Kepler accepted, and when Tycho died the next year, in 1601, Kepler was appointed imperial mathematician in his place and inherited Tycho’s large body of accurate astronomical observations. Kepler’s greatest contribution was a set of three laws of planetary motion that solved the problem of epicycles and eccentric orbits once and for all. The first of the new laws made a substantial change in the Aristotelian system, for it asserted that planetary motion is not uniformly circular. The planets do not travel in eccentric circles around the sun, but in ellipses, with the sun at one of the two foci of the ellipse. Kepler’s ellipses were very close to circles, which explained why the previous assumption of circular orbits had adequately explained the phenomena as long as observations remained relatively inaccurate. The new assumption was correct within the limits of observational accuracy of the time and required no further adjustments, no eccentricities, no epicycles, and no tricks of any kind. Kepler’s second law of planetary motion asserted that a radius vector joining a planet to the sun sweeps out equal areas in equal time. What this mean is that in a certain time, a planet will travel more quickly along its orbit when it is closer to the sun than when it is farther away from it. This brilliant insight, a major inspiration to Newton, applies to all bodies moving in fields of force, not just planets. It explained most of the discrepancies between astronomical theory and observation. The third law asserted a mathematical relation between the periods of revolution and of the planets and their distance from the sun. Discovering this law was a remarkable achievement considering the primitive instruments Kepler had at his proposal. Kepler spent many years not only advancing his ideas about these laws and preparing Tycho’s tables of observation for publication, but also mulling over what he recognized as the great remaining unsolved problem of planetary motion: the motivation whereby the planets revolved around the sun. What holds the planets in their orbits and what drives them ever forward.

The OReily Factor :: essays research papers

The O'Reilly Factor   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I choose the O’Reilly Factor because it’s about the only book that appealed to me. As well as the one the few narrators I could listen to for 5 hours. Besides the only other television shows I watch are reruns of the Simpson’s and Senfied. So the O’Reilly factor seemed like a logical choice for me.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The book is basically Bill O’Reilly’s viewpoint on just about everything such as politics, raising children, and taken responsibility for your own actions. Personally I really liked the book but that’s just me I would not recommend to anyone who doesn’t like Fox News Channel. The book incorporates a lot of his television show. In a lot of ways it was long a really long episode of the â€Å"Factor†.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the book Bill talks a lot of about his childhood and how he was raised in working class family in New York. The friendships he has maintained since his childhood as well as what it takes to be a good friend in his mind.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The book starts out with him talking about being a high school teacher and when he was in college at Boston University looking across the river at MIT and Harvard and then given a chance to go back to get his masters at Harvard and then studying his now new counterparts. Growing up in a working class family his was not accustom to the Harvard way of life or thinking. What he means by that is since he did not come from a wealthy family when he graduated college he didn’t have his fathers friends lining up to interview him. Basically he has always had to work to get where he is today. And that holds true today if you are born into any class besides the wealthy upper class you have to work for everything and speak up for yourself if necessary. Which in the book Bill mentions how his mouth has gotten him into some trouble; for insistence when he first became a journalist he had four jobs in five years mainly because he would speak up when something was done tha t wasn’t right. Trying to make right wrongs.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The first part of the book is a lot about the classes that exist in America. Why they exist for example the rich upper class usually the politicians in America don’t seat around at the country club wondering how to get drugs out of the ghetto.

Active and Passive Sentences

Your little boy broke my kitchen window this morning. My kitchen window was broken by your little boy. In the first sentence, the person who did the action (your little boy) is the subject, and comes first; then we say what he did (with the verb, broke) and what he did to (the object, my kitchen window). In the second sentence, the opposite happens: we start by talking about my kitchen window (the object of the first the sentence has become the subject of the second); then we say what was done to it, and who this was done by.The first kind of sentence, and the kind of verb-form used In It, are called ‘active'. The second kind of sentence, and the kind of verb-form used, are called ‘passive'. This difference in the verb conjugation is called one of Voice', different from those of tense, aspect and mood. Examples of Active and Passive Voice Active voice describes a sentence where the subject performs the action stated by the verb. In passive voice sentences, the subject is acted upon by the verb.Sentences in Active and Passive Voice Here are examples of sentences written In both the active voice and the assive voice, with the active voice sentence appearing first: Harry ate six shrimp at dinner. (active) At dinner, six shrimp were eaten by Harry. (passive) Beautiful giraffes roam the savannah. (active) The savannah is roamed by beautiful giraffes. (passive) Sue changed the flat tire. (active) The flat tire was changed by Sue. (passive) We are going to watch a movie tonight. (active) A movie is going to be watched by us tonight. (passive) I ran the obstacle course In record time. active) The obstacle course was run by me in record time. (passive) The crew paved the entire stretch of highway. (active) The entire stretch of highway was paved by the crew.

Analysis Of Heart Of Darkness By Joseph Conrad Essay

Madness is seen as the middle ground, a black and white line, between normality and abnormality, sanity and insanity. Heart of Darkness, a novella written by Joseph Conrad, centers around a sailor named Marlow, who struggles between awareness and madness as he journeys across the Congo River in Africa and comes into contact with the African residents and his surroundings, and Kurtz, a trader of ivory in Africa and commander of a trading post who struggles with madness both physically and mentally. Conrad is able to illustrate the theme of effects of madness through the fictional element of characterization, with both Marlow and Kurtz as his main focuses. One way the author displays the effects of madness is by documenting Marlow’s progression towards madness as more time passes by in Africa. At the beginning of the novel, before Marlow recalls his African encounter, the narrator describes Marlow as â€Å"not typical† (Conrad 3) because he is the only man out of the f ive aboard the ship that â€Å"follow[s] the sea† (3), but, at the same time, â€Å"[does] not represent his class [because he is] a wanderer, too† (3). Even before Marlow’s tale begins, he is already seen as crazy and odd among his fellow shipmates. This foreshadows how his character will be represented throughout the rest of the novel. His isolation among others is further shown when he leaves his hometown and begins his journey on to Africa on a French steamer; he isolates himself amongst the other passengers withShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Joseph Conrad s Heart Of Darkness1504 Words   |  7 Pagescontrol over others and can be found in both people and objects. In Joseph Conrad’s Heart of Darkness the main character and narrator Marlow identifies a force within ivory that conveys a sense power within the enigmatic Mr. Kurtz. The African ivory trade was flourishing in the early 1900’s. Obtaining the precious object transformed some into gree dy connoisseurs with endless intentions to get their hands on all of the continents ivory. Conrad shows that the power that is emitted from the ivory falls intoRead MoreAnalysis Of Joseph Conrad s The Heart Of Darkness 1801 Words   |  8 PagesAlly Jones Professor Smith English 1302 November 18, 2014 Female Roles in Joseph Conrad s the Heart of Darkness: In regards to Joseph Conrad’s Heart of Darkness, many literature reviews focus on the motifs of Imperialism, the symbolism of darkness and fog, or the aspect of racism in Conrad’s work. During the era which Conrad wrote, England was going through the Victorian Era, which was marked by a shift in views on morality. The term â€Å"Victorian morality† is used today to describe values whichRead MoreAnalysis Of Joseph Conrad s Heart Of Darkness 1713 Words   |  7 PagesMonth: January 2014 Name: Faris Khan Period: 3 Title: Heart of Darkness Author: Joseph Conrad Date started/date completed: 1/19 - 1/28 Pages read: 96/96 (Including the ten page introduction, 106/96) Rating of book (1-10): 9/10 Above you rated this book. Explain in detail why you gave this book that score: Author Joseph Conrad uses a very interesting method of narration in his novel, Heart of Darkness. The novel itself is written in first person, from the perspective of an unnamed sailor aboardRead MoreAnalysis Of Joseph Conrad s Heart Of Darkness978 Words   |  4 PagesThroughout history, women have not always had the same rights as men, and this also changes men’s perspective on women’s abilities. In Joseph Conrad’s Heart of Darkness, Marlow’s perspective on women is very relative to their social status, and their relation to his idol, Mr. Kurtz. Through examining upper, middle and lower-class women in Heart of Darkness, it will become evident that Marlow values Kurtz’ intended more than those of middle and upper-class. Throughout the novel, there are alsoRead MoreAnalysis Of Heart Of Darkness By Joseph Conrad1188 Words   |  5 Pagesexpansion on Romantic views, rather than a reaction. The Novella, â€Å"Heart of Darkness† by Joseph C onrad shows the transition from Romantic to Modernism, not as an opposing idea, but an evolution of it. From the start, we are presented with a rather Romantic introduction, stories of heroic adventures, of travellers going to new lands. These ideas of Imperialism and Colonialism are two massive Romantic ideals. Not only does Conrad point out the hypocrisy of Imperialism, but he also shatters the RomanticRead More Analysis of Heart of Darkness by Joseph Conrad Essay4372 Words   |  18 PagesAnalysis of Heart of Darkness by Joseph Conrad When Joseph Conrad composed Heart of Darkness he created a literary masterpiece which embodied the essence of light contrasting with darkness. Throughout the novel Conrad constantly utilizes the images of light and dark and uses them to mold a vision, which the reader is then able to use to decipher the literal and metaphorical meanings of the novel. As Conrad said, â€Å" my task which I am trying to achieve is, by the power of the written word to makeRead MoreAnalysis Of Heart Of Darkness By Joseph Conrad1972 Words   |  8 Pages Professor J. Wilson Fiction 134 02 May 2016 The effects of imperialism in Heart of Darkness written by Joseph Conrad Conrad displays many realistic example of imperialism and how the characters in this book act under certain circumstances. In this book, Heart of Darkness, A group of men are aboard an English ship. It is sitting on the mouth of the Thames. The group on the ship consists of a Lawyer, an Accountant, and one of the Company Director. The Company director is also the captain.Read MoreAnalysis Of Joseph Conrad s Heart Of Darkness 1396 Words   |  6 PagesShelly Pyakurel Ellen Stockstill English 4 DC 27 April 2015 Research Paper Heart of Darkness is a novel by Joseph Conrad that centers on Marlow, a man who goes to the Congo for a job opportunity. He meets a man named Kurtz, who is well known by many. Once he gets to the Congo, he sees colonialism first-hand. He sees that the natives of the country were practically enslaved and forced to work under very harsh conditions. The two major characters of the novel are Marlow and Kurtz. There are many minorRead MoreAnalysis Of Joseph Conrad s Heart Of Darkness1552 Words   |  7 Pagesfollowers. Historically, people have been socialized to accept and adhere to these stereotypes. Women have an important role in Joseph Conrad’s Heart of Darkness. Women are used in this novella reflect an important aspect of culture: sexism. Heart of Darkness was originally published in 1898, a period where women were facing especially harsh discrimination. Conrad’s Heart of Darkness tells the story of Marlow, an experienced sea captain, who is setting out on a mission to rescue Kurtz, an intelligent butRead MoreAnalysis Of Joseph Conrad s Heart Of Darkness1555 Words   |  7 PagesAlthough the author Joseph Conrad never met the German philosopher Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz, who died more than a century before Conrad’s birth, their distinct philosophies still have numerous points of intersection, suggesting some fundamental truths within the structure of the human reality. Through the novella, Heart of Darkness, Conrad details his perspectives on the faults of man and reality as a whole, with views often coinciding with many of Leibniz’s own, as found in his numerous philosophical